Spray oil miscible sulphonated compound



Patented Mar. 8, 193

UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE,

SPRAY OIL MISCIBLE SULPHONATED COMPOUND Frank F. Lindstaedt, Oakland,Calif.

No Drawing. Application March 12, 1934, Serial No. 715,179

19 Claims. (Cl. 167-28) e As is well known, sulphonated oils provide anaddition to the sulphonated oil, an emulsifier eifective emulsifyingagent for mixing petroleum medium. distillates 'with water. Due,however, to the; Another object of the invention is to procomparativeinsolubility of the sulphonated oils vide a compound of the characterdescribed in in the oil phase, heretofore in. order to cause which thesubstance arranged to-be combined enough of the sulphonated oil todissolve or mix with the sulphonated oil may be any one of a wide withthe petroleum oil to provide the desired variety, is usuable in acid orester form, is read-- emulsification between the phases, an excessiveily and easily procurable, and lends itself to ready amount of cresylicacid was combined with the compounding .with the sulphonated oil. a

sulphonated oil to make the latter soluble in the A further object ofthe invention is to com- 10 spray oil. Particularly was this true in the.pro blue the sulphonated oil with a substancewhich vision of so-calledself-emulsifying type of spray willmake possible the production of anemulsion, oils. In this form, the emulsifying agent is comquick breakingbut sumciently stable to insure the bined with the petroleum oil orother internal necessary carrying of the oil phase to the plant 5 phasebefore the latter is mixed with the water during the spraying operation.

or other continuing phase, the emulsifier being The invention possessesother objects which usually dissolved, dispersed or'held in colloidalwith the foregoing will be set forth in the folstate in the internalphase so that while the prodlowing description of the preferred forms ofthe uct may be shipped or stored practically indefiinvention. It is tobe understood, however, that e nitely, it will on being merely mixed andagitated I do not limit myself to said description, as I with the waterform a complete emulsion suitable may adopt variations from said formswithin the for spraying. An indication of the difilculty of scope of theinvention as set forth in the claims. rendering the sulphonated oilsoluble or dispersi- Stated in a general way, I have found that by blein the petroleum oil by previous methods may heat treating a sulphonicacid or a sulphonated be gained from the fact that the amount of oilwithan ordinary fatty acid or its ester de- 25 cresylic acid used for thepurpose was from five rivatives which as is known are in contrast to toten times the amount of sulphonated oil disthe sulphonic substancesgenerally readily solusolved. Furthermore, owing to the presence of blein petroleum distillates of a .wide range of so much cresylic acid inproportion to the sulfractions and viscosities. Particularly is my dis-'o phonated oil, the activity of the latter was so covery applicable forrendering soluble in the oil far curtailed that in order to provide forthe lphase the sulphonates 0f the fatty spr'oper emulsion of the oil.and water phases, the The invention may be more readily underamount ofthe cresylic acid and sulphonated oil stood by illustration of aspecific embodiment.

mixture required to be added to the oil phase For example, I take equalparts by weight of represented as high as 20% of theself-emulsisulphonated castor oil and coconut acid oil and 'fyingproduct. In contrast with the foregoing, beat them together at atemperature of between I arrange for the thorough emulsification by the100 to 125 degrees centigr ade for from one to incorporation in the oilphase an amount of sulfour hours and under. constant a ation." Thephonated oil representing but less than five per product is then allowedto settle for from six to 1 cent of said product. Asa'matterof fact fromtwenty-four hours, whereupon the clear super- 40 to 1 of the sulphonatedoil is sufflcient for natant liquid is de a d y be added (11- mostcommercial purposes. It is to be noted ect y t0 e p o u O l as aneffective intherefore that not only'is the cost of the 'prodternalemulsifier. For a commercial dormant not appreciably reduced, but therewill be no Sp y t e use f /2 Par s Of internal emulsifier large amountsof cresylic acid, salts, or other w Pa O 80 0 120 iscosity petroleum 45substances in the product which may be injurious 011 Will Provide aSelf-emulsifying 011 which w v f to the plants or vegetation onv whichit is sprayed. mixed With the Water ,P l have neces- Q, In accordance;with the foregoing, it is an obary carrying qualities but will be c tlyject of, my invention to combine the sulphonated quick breaking to n uadherence. f the oil to 5 oii with some substance which will render samethe Plane surfflcereadily soluble or dispersiblein the petroleum oil, ifbe n t that in the example of the which will not be injurious to theplant at leastm lsifier compound above given, both the sulin so faLasthe amount required to be used with phonate and the unsillphonated sustance with the'bil, and which will of itself be readily soluwhich itiscombined and treated, are fatty acid ble or dispersible in the oilphase to provide, in derivatives, and as before stated, I have found 55pound readily soluble or colloidally dispersible in the petroleum oilphase. While the exact reason Why the sulphonated oil is rendered soreadily soluble in the oil phase, due to the treatment with the fattyacids or oils, is not understood, it is believed that due to suchtreatment some of the higher sulphonated groups of the sulphonatedoil-that is to say the less stable sulphonated componentsare transferredto the acid oil or other oil to produce low sulphonated bodies in theadded oil. The sulphonated oil originally had such a high percentage ofsulphonated bodies that it was not completely oil soluble but due to thesplitting off of the less firmly bound sulphonic groups and theirsubsequent transfer to the added oil, the product after settling orfiltering becomes completely soluble in hydrocarbon, fish, or otherspray oil in all proportions.

Experience has shown that the unsaturated oils and fatty acids are moreeffective in producing completely oil soluble emulsifiers. For instance,in the case of sulphonated castor oil and cocoanut oil I find that fromfour to six hours of heating at 125 degrees C. is necessary (plussettling or filtering), whereas with sulphonated castor oil and fish oilonly about one half hour of heating at 125 degrees C. is necessary toproduce a completely oil soluble compound. In the latter case nosettling or filtering is necessary.

My tests have also disclosed that it is possible to combine for thepurpose of forming the emulsifier compound, practically any sulphonatedfatty acid or oil with any fatty acid or its derivatives such as usuallyfound in animal or vegetable matter. As a matter of fact, it ispractical to combine a; sulphonated oil of one fatty acid with anunsulphonated fatty acid of the same kind. However, I prefer to makecombinations with different fatty acids or their derivatives, and thefollowing are examples of some of the combinations found very effectivewhen heated and treated as explained in connection with the firstdescribed example:

Furthermore, if desired, more than one kind of sulphonated acid or oilmay be used with one or more kinds of fatty acids or oils, as will beclear from the following example:

Parts sulphonated castor oil 2 Naphthenic acid 1 Corn oil 1 It will beevident from the foregoing explanation that the acids, salts, este s andoils or other derivatives of the substances combined in the emulsifiercompound, may in general be used, interchangeably as the circumstancesand conditions warrant.

I claim:

1. A method of rendering miscible in a hydro carbon spray oil asulphonated fatty acid, which comprises mixing said sulphonated acidwith a fatty acid, subjecting the mixture to a temperature of about 100to 125 degrees centrigrade for about from one to four hours and keepingsame agitated during such heating action.

2. A method of making an internal emulsifier for a hydrocarbon spray oilfrom a sulphonated fatty acid, normally substantially immiscible in thespray oil, which comprises mixing an oil miscible fatty acid with saidsulphonated acid, subjecting the mixture to agitation and heat of atemperature of about 100 to 125 degrees centigrade for about from one tofour hours, and then separating the clear liquid from the mixture afterthe latter has been allowed to settle from approximately six totwenty-four hours.

3. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing a substance from the group consisting of sulphonatedfatty oils and sulphonated fatty acids with a substance from the groupconsisting of fatty oils, fatty acids and naphthenic acids and heatingto a temperature sufficient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

4. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing a sulphonated fatty acid and a substance from the groupconsisting of fatty oils, fatty acids and naphthenic acids, and heatingto a temperature suflicient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

5. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing a substance from the group consisting of sulphonatedfatty oils and sulphonated fatty acids with naphthenic acid, and heatingto a temperature sufiicient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

6. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing a substance from'the group consisting of sulphonatedfatty oils and sulphonated fatty acids with cocoanut oil, and heating toa temperature sufficient to produce a liquid which will be substantiallyentirely miscible in the spray oil.

'7. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifierwhich com'prisesmixing a substance from the group consisting ofsulphonated fatty oils and sulphonated fatty acids with fish oil, andheating to a temperature sufficient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray'oil.

8. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing sulphonated oleic acid with a substance from the groupconsisting of fatty oils, fatty acids and naphthenic acids, and heatingto a temperature suificient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

9. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing sulphonated oleic acid with naphthenic acid, andheating to a temperature sufficient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

10. A method of forming ahydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifier whichcomprises mixing sulphonated castor oil with cocoanut oil, and heatingto a temperature sufiicient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

11. A method of forming a hydrocarbon spray oil internal emulsifierwhich comprises mixing sulphonated castor oil with fish oil, and heatingto a temperature sufiicient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

- 12. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a aiiasoe semi-stable emulsion capable of quicklybreaking on being sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and aninternal emulsifier including a product derived from*the interaction ofa mixture of a substance from the group consisting of-sulphonated' fattyoils and sulphonated fatty acids with a substance from the groupconsisting of fatty oils, fatty acids and naphthenic acids which havebeen heated to a temperature suficient to produce a liquid which will besubstantially entirely miscible in the spray oil.

13. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stable emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction ofsulphonated oleic acid with a substance from the group consisting offatty oils, fatty acids, and naphthenic acids, which have been heated toa temperature sumcient to produce a liquid which will be substantiallyentirely miscible in the spray oil.

14. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stable emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction of asubstance from the group, consisting of sulphonated fatty oils andsulphonated fatty acids with naphthenic acids which have been heated toa temperature sufficient to produce a liquid which will be substantiallyentirely miscible in the spray oil.

15. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stable emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil; and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction of asubstance from the group consisting of sulphonatedstatty oils andsulphonated fatty acids with cocoanut oil, which have been heated to atemperature sumcient to produce a liquid which will be substantiallyentirely miscible in the spray oil.

16. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stable emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction of asubstance from the group consisting of sulphonated fatty oils andsulphonated fatty acids with fish oil, which have been heated to atemperature sumcient to produce a liquid which will be substantiallyentirely miscible in the spray oil.

1'7. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapted when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stabie emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction of a mixtureof sulphonated castor oil with cocoanut oil which have been heated to atemperature sumcient to produce a liquid which will be entirely misciblein the spray oil.

18. A self-emulsifying horticultural spray oil adapt-ed when mixed withwater to provide a semi-stable emulsion capable of quickly breaking onbeing sprayed, comprising a hydrocarbon spray oil, and an internalemulsifier including a product derived from the interaction of a mixtureof sulphonated oleic acid with naphthenic acid FRANK F. LDIDS'I'AEDT.

